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Running Head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 5
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN RATHER AFRICAN AMERICANS IN GENERAL RESEARCH PROPOSAL
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Introduction
Over the last couple of decades, life expectancy among African American women has been reducing relatively. The life expectancy among the African American women reduction has been blamed on the cardiovascular diseases that face the general African Americans but affects the Black women in America more than the general Blacks population in America. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases on the Black women in United States of America has been a concern to the American government and the society in general since it is a trend that is worrying everyone in the United States of America society. Various research conducted has clearly indicated the African American women are more prevalent to cardiovascular diseases as compared to the African American Men. (Carnethon et al., 2017)
According to the American Heart Centre and Williams, the black American women are more exposed to death by the heart diseases in comparison to the white or Caucasian women. Both William and the American heart center acknowledge the fact that African American women are not aware of the cardiovascular diseases which is a major origin of demise among their peers. (“Heart Disease in African-American Women,” n.d.)
Statement of the Problem and Purpose of the Study
According to the centre for disease control and prevention, division for heart diseases and stroke prevention about 7.6% of the Black women have cardiovascular diseases and the majority of them don’t know that. Therefore, this call for the analysis as the cardiovascular diseases are so prevented among the black women and not any other social group in America. The purpose of this proposal is to focus on why the African women in America are more likely to have to suffer from cardiovascular diseases and not the African Americans in general.
Research Question
The research question for this study is on the cardiovascular disease for African American women rather than African Americans in general. The research question aims at looking at the possible causes that lead to the majority of black women in America to suffer from heart diseases compared to African American men. The research will ultimately provide reasons for the widespread of heart diseases among American black women.
Hypothesis: Research and Null
The widespread of heart diseases among American black women has been blamed on the lack of necessary education on heart disease. According to Poulina Uddin, who is a cardiologist at the Scripps Clinic, “a majority of the African women are not aware that they may be suffering from cardiovascular diseases”. This, therefore, necessitates the need for mass education about cardiovascular disease to American Black women. Comparing with other women, the African women in America are more likely to die due to lack of education on the risk factors that are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Even though African Americans have been affected by cardiovascular diseases more than other social groups in America, African American women are ones who are affected in this social group.
Cardiovascular diseases are many types, but there are specific diseases which are affected the African American women. (Carnethon et al., 2017)
Many of the of the obvious risks among the Black American women for heart diseases and stroke occurrence are smoking, high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol; overweight, history of and lack of physical exercises are prevalent among the African women in America. Cardiologist Poulin Udin suggests that the risk factors can be avoided if the African Women in America would have much knowledge of what is likely to bring them the cardiovascular diseases and avoid them strictly. According to the Scripps Women’s Heart Centre, African Women in the United States of America are advised to avoid all the risk factors that may lead them to cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, having a background of heart diseases does not lead to the conclusion that the African American woman will suffer from cardiovascular diseases at one time of their life. What they need to do is to eat the right kind of food and avoid smoking at all costs. (“African-American Women and Heart Disease,” 2019)
Identifying and Defining Study Variables
The variables for this study research will involve the factors that make African women in the United States of America to be vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases compared to African America men. The variable study factors will include smoking habits, eating habits, physical exercise rate of activeness among women and women knowledge on cardiovascular diseases.
Operationalize Variable
The African American women knowledge on cardiovascular diseases is operationalized by conducting an interview through questionnaires that involved questions that targeted to understand the level which the African America women knew about cardiovascular diseases. Also, smoking and eating habits were operationalized by conducting a study on two hundred African American women during their day to day activities.
References
African Americans and Heart Disease, Stroke. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/african-americans-and-heart-disease-stroke
African-American Women and Heart Disease. (2019, February 15). Retrieved from https://www.scripps.org/news_items/5959-african-american-women-and-heart-disease
Carnethon, M. R., Pu, J., Howard, G., Albert, M. A., Anderson, C. A., Bertoni, A. G., Yancy, C. W. (2017). Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 136(21). doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000534
Heart Disease in African-American Women. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.goredforwomen.org/en/about-heart-disease-in-women/facts/heart-disease-in-african-american-women
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