Explain the pathogenesis causing the clinical manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented.

Explain the pathogenesis causing the clinical manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented.
Guided Questions (1000 words)
Case study
Mrs Brown, a 78 year-old female, was admitted to the Emergency Department at 6am after waking up with severe breathlessness. Her family informed you that the patient has a history of heart failure that had been diagnosed two years ago. On admission to the Emergency Department the clinical manifestations were:
Severe dyspnoea
Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/minute
SpO2 85%, on room air
BP 170/95mmHg
Pulse rate of 120 beats/minute
Auscultation of lungs identifies bilateral basal crackles
Mrs Brown was connected to an ECG monitor that showed atrial fibrillation. A diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure was made.
Question 1. (500 words) (Learning outcome 1 and 5)
Explain the pathogenesis causing the clinical manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented.
Question 2. (200 words) (Learning outcomes 2, 4 and 5)
Discuss two high priority nursing strategies to manage Mrs Brown and provide evidence-based rationales for these strategies.
Question 3. (300 words) (Learning outcome 3 and 5)
Two of the drugs that were given to Mrs Brown were IV furosemide and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate.
Discuss the mechanism of action of these two drugs, and relate to the underlying pathogenesis of an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure. And,
Describe the nursing implications (monitoring for and responding to adverse effects, and evaluating therapeutic effect) when administering these two drugs to a patient with an acute exacerbation of chronic left-sided heart failure.
Provide a reference list in APA 6th Edition style with a minimum of 6 academic references which
could include journal articles, textbooks, government websites and reports, and creditable organisational websites such as the Heart Foundation (https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/).
Concept Map (500 words)
The concept map must be computer generated.
When researching the topic, use the pathophysiology template that is on the unit vUWS site to
assist you in organising your information. The template will also assist in identifying key concepts
and their relationships.
Concept boxes should have titles with relevant content summarised within the box.
The summarised content may be in point format and size 10 font (Arial or Times New Roman) may
be used on the concept map.
Concept boxes must be linked using lines and linking words/phrases to demonstrate logical
relationships between concepts.
For conciseness, numbers may be used to replace traditional APA referencing within concept
boxes. If you use numbers, you must include a reference list in numerical order, corresponding to
your references immediately after the concept map.
Critical thinking and creativity are essential components of the concept map. The map design
needs to be visually stimulating.