Government

The U.S. Constitution stipulates that Electors will vote for the office of President and Vice President, what we commonly refer to as the Electoral College. Two times in the 21st century the candidate with the most popular votes across the United States has not won the most votes in the Electoral College, hence losing the election. Some activists and scholars are arguing that a democratic system of government requires that majority rules; therefore, the candidate for President who receives the most popular votes should win the election while others stand by the system set in place by our Constitution which gives more power to the individual States and the popular vote within each State.
Please describe in detail how the President is voted into office today in regards to the electoral college portion. Describe how the electoral college works beginning with the States. Describe any differences (if any) that States have in the electoral college process.
Then, please describe the arguments both for and against the current system that we have in place and what other methods are being introduced if there are any.